Receptors for SARS-CoV and How This Knowledge could Help?

Medical studies prove that corona viruses enter the human cells through a receptor called Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2. ACE2 is an exopeptidase which is found on the cell membrane of vessels of the heart or kidneys, also in respiratory cells epithelium and gastrointestinal tract cells. ACE-blockers are long known in medicine and are used for antihypertensive therapy. Could those antihypertensive drugs be used in the treatment of covid is a question that makes us curious. Until now there are not enough studies that could answer this question, but the therapy with ACE-blockers, angiotensin 2 receptor blockers, ASS and betablockers for heart patients with covid infection is considered to be protective.

Could we use ACE-blockers as virostatic therapy for covid? In my opinion we should at least try.

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Periprothetische Infektionen: aktueller Stand der Diagnostik und Therapie

N. Renz, A. Trampuz Biofilm-assoziierte Infektionen von Gelenkendoprothesen sind ein herausforderndes und komplexes Krankheitsbild und bedürfen des interdisziplinären Managements von erfahrenen Infektiologen, Mikrobiologen, Orthopäden und Unfallchirurgen. Mit einem optimalen Therapiekonzept werden bei periprothetischen Infektionen Behandlungserfolgsraten von über 90 % erreicht. Infektionen von Gelenkprothesen © Julianemartens/Fotolia 20 Orthopädie & Rheuma 2015; Die Infektionsrate nach Implantation einer Gelenkendoprothese reicht von rund 1% bei Hüft- und Schulterprothesen bis hin zu 2–3% bei Knie-, Sprunggelenk- und Ellbogenprothesen. Die wahre Inzidenz liegt wahrscheinlich aufgrund von nicht erkannten Low-Grade-Infektionen deutlich höher [1]. Bei Wechseloperationen steigt das Risiko einer Infektion auf bis zu 15% [2, 3]. Innerhalb der ersten zwei Jahre nach der Primärimplantation wird das Infektionsrisiko auf 0,5% pro Jahr geschätzt, im weiteren Verlauf beträgt die Infektio...

In Search of The Perfect Sleep Aid

For many years, modern medicine has been searching for the perfect sleeping pills. Sleeping pills are a special topic in medicine because they have a lot to do with addiction medicine. Of course, not every sleeping pill can cause addiction, but lighter sleeping pills such as valerian tablets, doxylamine succinate (contained in Schlafsterne), melatonin (or Circadin) have short and insufficient effects. Benzodiazepines, on the other hand, relieve anxiety, which often leads to sleep disorders and are often used by GPs as sleeping pills, although this is not correct. Antidepressants such as mirtazapine are more often used as sleeping pills, but patients often complain of fatigue and drowsiness after their use, which is incompatible with driving, for example. Z-drugs are the 3rd choice of sleep medicine, they have a long and sufficient effect, but can be very addictive. There are patients who struggle for years with addiction to zolpidem, or zopiclone. Many GPs give up in this fight an...

Factors influencing Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts

Hormones are possibly the most crucial modulators of bone formation. It is well established that estrogen, parathyroid hormone, and to a lesser extent testosterone, are essential for optimal bone development and maintenance. Of these, estrogen is now believed to have the most direct effect on bone cells, interacting with specific proteins, or receptors, on the surface of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This interaction sets off a complex chain of events within the cells, increasing osteoblast activity while at the same time interfering with osteoblast-osteoclast communication – one of the ironies of bone remodeling is that the osteoblasts release factors that stimulate osteoclasts and drive bone resorption, as we shall see below. Estrogen effects are mediated through one specific type of cell surface receptor called the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which binds and transports the hormone into the nucleus of the cell where the receptor-hormone complex acts as a switch to turn on s...

Theory of Autoimmunity

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