Theory of Autoimmunity

Both diseases are caused by a hormonal dysbalance in the organism. A lot of hormones and their receptors enter our organism through food. If our organism reacts to such proteins with producing antibodies against them, it is close to mind that these antibodies could connect and disable our own hormones and receptors. Osteoporosis may be caused by antibodies against estrogen, through disabling the hormone. But more possible is that osteoporosis may be caused by antibodies which connect to the estrogen receptor in bones, thus disabling it and reducing estrogen intake in bone cells and disabling it stimulating function over bone tissue production. Not yet proved, but quite possible, isn’t it?

As we all noticed osteoporosis is connected very tightly with the estrogen level and the estrogen receptor. That is why it occurs after the menopause period by women and is more common by ovariectomized patients. In my book “The Theory of Autoimmunity” I already explained the main principles of the pathophysiology of most common diseases. As an example for explaining osteoporosis I would use the most common to it disease such as diabetes type 2. Many diseases affect not only humans but also some animal species. This leads to the conclusion that there are similar proteins on the cell membranes and in the cytoplasm in humans and animals. Digesting similar to our proteins may lead to an autoimmune reaction against our proteins and degeneration of some tissues like blood endothelium, respiratory endothelium cells, pancreas Langerhans cells, the cells of the nephrons, or even the death or destruction of brain cells, causing great number of diseases. An Example for the autoimmune...

Hormones are possibly the most crucial modulators of bone formation. It is well established that estrogen, parathyroid hormone, and to a lesser extent testosterone, are essential for optimal bone development and maintenance. Of these, estrogen is now believed to have the most direct effect on bone cells, interacting with specific proteins, or receptors, on the surface of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This interaction sets off a complex chain of events within the cells, increasing osteoblast activity while at the same time interfering with osteoblast-osteoclast communication – one of the ironies of bone remodeling is that the osteoblasts release factors that stimulate osteoclasts and drive bone resorption, as we shall see below. Estrogen effects are mediated through one specific type of cell surface receptor called the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which binds and transports the hormone into the nucleus of the cell where the receptor-hormone complex acts as a switch to turn on s...

It is observed that bone fractures increase with age. Another observation is that children have much more proteins and water in their bones as elderly people which have more mineral components in their bones. With increasing the age both components are decreasing and thus come osteoporosis. Very controversial studies prove that in societies with high milk products consummation is osteoporosis much wider spread as in societies which do not consume milk products. Perplexing, isn`t it? Bone maintenance is a delicate business. In adults, the daily removal of small amounts of bone mineral, a process called resorption, must be balanced by an equal deposition of new mineral if bone strength is to be preserved. When this balance tips toward excessive resorption, bones weaken (osteopenia) and over time can become brittle and prone to fracture (osteoporosis). This continual resorption and redeposition of bone mineral, or bone remodeling, is intimately tied to the pathophysiology of ost...

With the exception of teriparatide, osteoporosis medications slow bone breakdown. Healthy bones continuously break down and rebuild. As you age — especially after menopause — bones break down faster. Because bone rebuilding cannot keep pace, bones deteriorate and become weaker. Osteoporosis medications basically put a brake on the process. These drugs effectively maintain bone density and decrease the risk of breaking a bone as a result of osteoporosis. Drugs in the bisphosphonate class are more alike than they are different. They all help maintain bone density. And, all bisphosphonates have been shown to reduce the chance of a fracture. The decision to take one drug over another often is based on: ·          Preference ·          Convenience ·          Adherence to the dosing schedule ·          Cost, includi...

Bisphosphonates are the most common medications prescribed for osteoporosis treatment. These include: ·          Alendronate (Fosamax) ·          Risedronate (Actonel) ·          Ibandronate (Boniva) ·          Zoledronic acid (Reclast) Hormones, such as estrogen, can play a role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. However, there has been some concern about potential side effects tied to the use of hormone therapy. Current recommendations say to use the lowest dose of hormones for the shortest period of time. Still, women who have reasons — such as menopausal symptoms — to consider using hormones can weigh the benefit of improved bone health into their decision. Some hormonelike medications also are approved for preventing and treating osteoporosis, such as raloxifene (Evista). Denosumab (Prolia, Xgeva) ...

Secondary osteoporosis is caused by certain diseases and treatments that interfere with bone density and cause bone loss. Research from the Journal of Osteoporosis shows that secondary osteoporosis affects at least 21 percent of men and 17.5 percent of women. A number of medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors can cause secondary osteoporosis. Common medical disorders that contribute to secondary osteoporosis are cancers that cause bone loss including bone, breast, and prostate cancers , as well as hormonal imbalance conditions (such as hyperthyroidism , a condition that causes excessive thyroid function). Kidney or liver failure can also cause secondary osteoporosis, as can rheumatoid arthritis , a chronic autoimmune disease that causes severe throughout the body. In addition, another cause is scurvy , a condition caused by severe vitamin C deficiency.  Medications that may contribute to the development of secondary osteoporosis include: ·  ...

One of the most important units of health care is the osteoporosis prevention. A crucial part in it is the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Unfortunately osteoporosis is diagnosed often too late after occurring of fractures trough small trauma or even spontaneous fractures. For example patients come in the clinic with back bone pain for months and after an X-ray picture we already see one or more vertebral body sintering fractures. Unfortunately to diagnose osteoporosis after occurring of fractures is too late, because the healing process is too long, painful and costs too much money to health care system. That is why the health care system tries to find a solution of this problem by importing some method of diagnosing osteoporosis earlier than its manifestations such as bone densitometry test. Bone densitometry tests is a high recommended test which determines the density (or the calcium content) of the bone through its X-ray resorption.   However….. Unfortunately in my ex...

In my practice as a doctor in an orthopedic clinic the most common problem that I meet is osteoporosis. It is the main reason for fractures after certain age. With increasing of life expectancy rises the number of osteoporotic fractures. Nowadays osteoporosis is one of the most widespread reasons for hospital treatment, operations, complications and through its complications, such as pulmonary embolism, pneumonias and postoperative infections, it is also a widespread reason of lethal endings. The reason for osteoporosis is considered to be the hormonal change in the organism which comes after certain age by all women and men, the vitamin D deficiency and calcium malnutrition. Therefore we try to treat it with sex hormones, vitamin D supplements and increasing calcium intake. There is also invented a high recommended through medicine companies specific anti-resorptive agents treatment of osteoporosis with A lendronate and its derivatives. However despite all treatment methods ...